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Objective:To analyze and compare the salt iodine content and iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia for short), and to provide basis for formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods:From 2017 to 2020, 100 pregnant women were surveyed each year in 22 counties (cities, districts) in Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan and Zhongwei of Ningxia, salt samples and urine samples were collected for salt iodine and urinary iodine detection.Results:Totally 8 807 salt samples were collected, the median salt iodine was 24.6 mg/kg. The qualified rate of iodized salt was 91.59% (7 838/8 558), the coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.17% (8 558/8 807), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 89.00% (7 838/8 807). The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt increased year by year (χ 2trend = 248.47, P < 0.001). There were statistical differences in salt iodine levels in different years and regions ( H = 259.14, 37.09, P < 0.001). Totally 8 107 urine samples were collected, the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 165.00 μg/L, which reached the appropriate level. The median and composition of urinary iodine were statistically different in different regions and pregnancies ( H = 28.87, 17.91, P < 0.001; χ 2 = 85.89, 20.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The coverage rate of iodized salt among pregnant women in Ningxia is high, and the urinary iodine level is generally in a suitable state. However, for pregnant women at risk of iodine deficiency, special attention should be paid and targeted iodine supplementation measures should be taken.
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OBJECTIVE To prepare quercetin-human serum albumin-nanoparticles （Que-HSA-NPs），and to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of Que-HSA-NPs on hepatic fibrosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH）. METHODS Que-HSA-NPs were prepared by desolvation-chemical cross-linking method ，their appearance characteristics were observed ，and their particle size ，polydispersity index （PDI），Zeta potential and drug loading were detected. Quercetin （Que）and Que-HSA-NPs were applied to murine HSC-T 6 cells. The effects of them on survival rate of HSC-T 6，mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β（TGF-β），Type Ⅰ collagen α1（COL1A1）and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）were compared. Que and Que-HSA-NPs were applied to mice fed with low methionine and choline deficient high-fat diet. The serum levels of liver injury indexes ，liver pathological characteristics ，mRNA expressions of TGF-β，COL1A1 and α-SMA，protein expression of α-SMA in liver tissue were determined to evaluate the improvement effects of them on hepatic fibrosis of NASH in mice. RESULTS The prepared Que-HSA-NPs was spherical ，the particle size was （172.9±2.2）nm，the PDI was 0.233，the Zeta potential was －29.2 mV，and the drug loading was 2.99％. Que and Que-HSA-NPs were nontoxic to HSC-T 6 at concentrations of 0-250 μg/mL. Both of them could significantly decrease mRNA expressions of TGF-β，COL1A1 and α-SMA，especially Que-HSA-NPs （P＜0.05）. They also could significantly decrease the serum levels of liver inju ry index ，relieve liver injury and down-regulate mRNA expressions of TGF-β，COL1A1 and α-SMA and protein expression of α-SMA， especially Que-HSA-NPs （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Que- HSA-NPs is successfully prepared ，and confirm that its anti- NASH hepatic fibrosis effect is better than that of Que .
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Objective:To understand the surveillance of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Zhongwei City of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region after marketization reform of salt industry (2017).Methods:In 2018, Shapotou District, Zhongning County and Haiyuan County of Zhongwei City were divided into five sampling areas according to the location of east, west, south, north and middle. In each area, one township was selected, and three salt sales outlets were selected from each township; at the same time, three supermarkets were selected from the cities and towns of each county (district), and different kinds of salt samples in all sales outlets and supermarkets were tested semi-quantitatively. From 2016 to 2020, Shapotou District, Zhongning County and Haiyuan County of Zhongwei City were divided into five sampling areas according to the location of east, west, south, north and middle. One township was selected from each area, and one primary school was selected from each township, 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years old (age balanced, half males and half females) were selected from each primary school; at the same time, 20 pregnant women were selected from each township, and salt samples were collected from houses of children and pregnant women to test salt iodine content. From 2018 to 2020, according to the "Ningxia Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program (2016 Edition)", random urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to detect urinary iodine content. In 2018 and 2019, the thyroid volume of children was measured by B-mode ultrasound, and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:In 2018, 13 kinds of salt were supplied in the market of Zhongwei City, a total of 130 salt samples were tested, and 11 samples of non-iodized salt were detected, with a rate of 8.46%. From 2016 to 2020, the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt in Zhongwei City were 90.33% (813/900), 67.89% (611/900), 78.67% (708/900), 91.56% (825/901) and 94.44% (850/900), respectively. From 2018 to 2020, the medians urinary iodine of children aged 8 - 10 years old were 189.33, 195.64, and 222.10 μg/L, and the medians urinary iodine of pregnant women were 158.21, 158.01, and 171.84 μg/L, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the goiter rates of children aged 8 - 10 years old were 1.75% (7/400) and 0.67% (4/600), respectively.Conclusion:After marketization reform of salt industry, the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt in Zhongwei City decrease in 2017 and 2018, however, children and pregnant women have sufficient iodine nutrition, and the goiter rate of children is controlled at a low level.
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Objective@#To understand the iodine content of drinking water in Ningxia, and provide a basis for promoting scientific iodine supplementation.@*Methods@#In 2017, 22 counties (cities, districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were surveyed by township (town, street office) as the unit. Water samples were collected and iodine content was detected according to the unified centralized water supply, mixed water supply and all the scattered water supply methods. Among them, the investigation at township (town and street office) level found that the median of iodine in water was > 10 μg/L, and then the water samples were collected in administrative villages (neighborhood committees) and the content of iodine in water was detected.@*Results@#A total of 242 townships (town, street office) were surveyed at the township level water iodine, and a total of 1 048 water samples were collected, the median water iodine was 6.6 μg/L, the range was 0.0-97.8 μg/L. There were 75 townships with a median water iodine > 10 μg/L, and an administrative village level water iodine survey was conducted. A total of 1 169 water samples were collected, the median water iodine was 14.5 μg/L, and the range was 0.0-97.4 μg/L. The median water iodine at the township level, unified centralized water supply, mixed water supply, and all the scattered water supply was 6.9, 6.8, and 4.5 μg/L, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.08, P < 0.05). The median water iodine at the administrative village level, unified centralized water supply, mixed water supply, and all the scattered water supply was 15.8, 8.4, and 11.6 μg/L, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 35.23, P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The iodine content of drinking water in Ningxia residents is low, which is consistent with the fact that Ningxia is in the iodine deficient area.
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Objective To understand the iodine content of drinking water in Ningxia,and provide a basis for promoting scientific iodine supplementation.Methods In 2017,22 counties (cities,districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were surveyed by township (town,street office) as the unit.Water samples were collected and iodine content was detected according to the unified centralized water supply,mixed water supply and all the scattered water supply methods.Among them,the investigation at township (town and street office) level found that the median of iodine in water was ＞ 10 μg/L,and then the water samples were collected in administrative villages (neighborhood committees) and the content of iodine in water was detected.Results A total of 242 townships (town,street office) were surveyed at the township level water iodine,and a total of 1 048 water samples were collected,the median water iodine was 6.6 μg/L,the range was 0.0-97.8 μg/L.There were 75 townships with a median water iodine ＞ 10 μg/L,and an administrative village level water iodine survey was conducted.A total of 1 169 water samples were collected,the median water iodine was 14.5 μg/L,and the range was 0.0-97.4 μg/L.The median water iodine at the township level,unified centralized water supply,mixed water supply,and all the scattered water supply was 6.9,6.8,and 4.5 μg/L,respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.08,P ＜ 0.05).The median water iodine at the administrative village level,unified centralized water supply,mixed water supply,and all the scattered water supply was 15.8,8.4,and 11.6 μg/L,respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =35.23,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The iodine content of drinking water in Ningxia residents is low,which is consistent with the fact that Ningxia is in the iodine deficient area.
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Objective To compare the indexes related to monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders between Xianyang City of Shaanxi Province and Yinchuan City of Ningxia Autonomous Region in 2016 for providing a basis in evaluating control measures to iodine deficiency disorders. Methods In 2016, 13 counties (districts) in Xianyang City and 6 counties (districts) in Yinchuan City were conducted sample surveys in accordance with the requirements of the"National Iodine Salt Monitoring Program", and the surveillance results were analyzed. The main indicators included salt iodine content, urinary iodine content in children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women and children's goiter rate. Salt iodine content was measured by direct titration according to the "Determination of Iodine in General Test Method for Salt Industry" (GB/T 13025.7-2012). Urinary iodine content was determined using arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006). Children's goiter was determined by B-ultrasound examination based on the "National Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Goiter" (WS 276-2007). Results In 2016, Xianyang City and Yinchuan City had monitored 3900 and 1800 salt samples, respectively, the medians of salt iodine were 30.2 and 27.8 mg/kg, respectively. The median of salt iodine in Xianyang City was higher than that in Yinchuan City (Z = 14.58, P < 0.05); non-iodized salt rate (0.18％, 7/3900), unqualified iodized salt rate (0.72％, 28/3900) in Xianyang City were lower than those in Yinchuan City (0.56％, 10/1800;1.50％, 27/1800; χ2=5.86, 7.88, P<0.05), and qualified salt iodide consumption rate in Xianyang City (99.10％, 3865/3900) was higher than that in Yinchuan City (97.94％, 1763/1800, χ2 = 13.24, P < 0.05). The median of urinary iodine in children in Xianyang City (247.75 μg/L) was higher than that in Yinchuan City (223.70 μg/L, Z = 21.04, P < 0.05), and the ratio of urinary iodine < 100 μg/L in Xianyang City (11.92％, 310/2600) was lower than that in Yinchuan City (15.08％, 181/1200, χ2= 7.29, P < 0.05). The median of urinary iodine in pregnant women in Xianyang City (176.86 μg/L) was lower than that in Yinchuan City (187.70 μg/L, Z = 7.33, P < 0.05), and the ratio of urinary iodine < 150 μg/L in Yinchuan City (38.50％, 231/600) was higher than that in Xianyang City (32.00％, 416/1300,χ2=7.72,P<0.05). The thyroid palpate swelling rates of children in Xianyang City and Yinchuan City were 1.94％(53/2730) and 2.22％ (28/1260), respectively, the rates between the two cities was not statistically significant (χ2=0.34, P > 0.05). Conclusions The monitoring indexes of iodine deficiency disorders in Xianyang City and Yinchuan City have reached the national standard for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders. In comparison, Yinchuan City should further strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition level in children and pregnant women, iodized salt market supervision and health education.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of 4 flavonoids constituents in Yinqiao capsules. METH-ODS:HPLC method was adopted. The Hypersil ODS C18 column was used with the mobile phase A of methanol-water-acetic acid (10∶88∶2,V/V/V)and B of methanol-water-acetic acid(88∶10∶2,V/V/V)in gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min;the de-tection wavelength was 327 nm,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship between the amount of quercetin and peak area in the range of 0.050 9-1.018 0 μg(r=0.999 8),kaempferide in the range of 0.050 2-1.004 0 μg(r=0.999 5),isorhamnetin in the range of 0.051 0-1.020 0 μg(r=0.999 4)and rutin in the range of 0.050 4-1.007 0 μg(r=0.999 8). RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were <2%. The average recoveries were 100.09%(RSD=0.93%,n=9),99.83%(RSD=0.75%,n=9),100.51%(RSD=1.17%,n=9) and 101.19%(RSD=1.08%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is amount specific,stable and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Yinqiao capsules.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the metabolic changes of pancreatic extracts from insulin-resistant rats induced by fructose feeding using nuclear magnetic resonance ¹H spectroscopy (¹H NMR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen Wistar rats were divided equally into control group and model group and given water and 10% fructose water for 8 weeks, respectively. The pancreatic tissues were then obtained for H NMR spectra analysis and principal component analysis (PCA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control rats, the rats in the model group showed significantly increased creatine, betaine/TMAO, taurine, glycine and myo-inositol and decreased levels of lipids, lactate, glutamate, choline and GPC/PC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>¹H NMR and pattern recognition can define the metabolic characteristics of the pancreatic tissue extracts from insulin-resistant rats and provide reliable metabolic evidence for studying the mechanisms of insulin resistance at the molecular level.</p>